CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH examinations / PROFICIENCY EXAM / CPE / USE OF ENGLISH / word formation
For questions 1- 8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
Alcohol in modern society
Alcohol plays a significant role both in American and European life and culture. It is an (1) ... of celebrations, leisure activities, fine dining, romance, and business deals. Its role is so (2) ... and important that its absence in many social situations would be defined as inappropriate and (3) ... In short, Americans and Europeans live in an alcohol-rich environment. Alcohol consumption and intoxication also serve important psychological and emotional functions. Drinkers seek reduction of tension, guilt, (4) ... , and frustration. From personal experience and from viewing countless television and moviedramas, we have become (5) ... to people turning to alcohol to cope with a hard day, family problems, or bad news. People also imbibe alcohol to loosen up, let down their hair, release (6) ... , and enhance fantasy and sensuality. Thus we are used to drinking as a prelude to seduction or romance. In addition, people turn to alcohol to (7) ... confidence, enhance self-esteem, and increase aggressiveness. It seems normal for people to have a drink before proposing marriage, asking the boss for a raise, or going into battle. The chemical ingredient that gives alcoholic beverages their (8) ... effect is ethyl alcohol.
[start-answers-block type=1 columns=2 textTransform=none]
[answer="ACCOMPANIMENT" label="ACCOMPANY"]
[answer="PERVASIVE" label="PERVADE"]
[answer="DEVIANT" label="DEVIATE"]
[answer="ANXIETY" label="ANXIOUS"]
[answer="ACCUSTOMED" label="CUSTOM"]
[answer="INHIBITION" label="INHIBIT"]
[answer="FORTIFY" label="FORT"]
[answer="INTOXICATING" label="TOXIC"]
[end-answers-block]
ANSWER KEYS
VERB TO NOUN | ACCOMPANY => ACCOMPANIMENT |
SUFFIX (-MENT) (in nouns) - the action or result of: DEVELOPMENT, BOMBARDMENT |
VERB TO ADJECTIVE | PERVADE => PERVASIVE |
SUFFIX (-IVE) (in nouns and adjectives) - tending to; having the nature of: DESCRIPTIVE, EXPLOSIVE |
VERB TO ADJECTIVE | DEVIATE => DEVIANT |
SUFFIX (-ANT) (in nouns and adjectives) - that is or does something: SIGNIFICANT, INHABITANT |
ADJECTIVE TO NOUN | ANXIOUS => ANXIETY |
ANXIETY => the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen. |
NOUN TO ADJECTIVE | CUSTOM => ACCUSTOMED |
PREFIX (AC-) variant of 'ad'- before 'c' and 'qu': ACCEDE, ACQUIRE + SUFFIX (-ED) (in adjectives and verbs) - having the characteristics of: TALENTED, INTERESTED |
VERB TO NOUN | INHIBIT => INHIBITION |
SUFFIX (-ION) (in nouns) - the action or state of: HESITATION, CONFESSION |
NOUN TO VERB | FORT => FORTIFY |
SUFFIX (-IFY) (in verbs) - to make or become: PURIFY, SOLIDIFY |
ADJECTIVE TO ADJECTIVE | TOXIC => INTOXICATING |
PREFIX (IN-) a prefix of Latin origin meaning primarily "in," but used also as a verb-formative: INCARCERATE, INCANTATION + SUFFIX (-AT(E) + ING) (in adjectives) - full of or having the quality of: PASSIONATE, ITALIANATE |