CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: ADVANCED (CAE) use of english part 1
multiple choice cloze
For questions 1- 8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
The Microscope
An important invention in the development of science and medicine was the microscope. It was [based upon/based by/based in/based at] ... the principle that light could be [refracted/retracted/retorted/retraced] ... or bent, by a glass lens. It was soon discovered that tiny objects could be magnified [in/by/on/with] ... size when viewed through a glass lens that had been ground and polished in a specific [manner/procedure/fashion/character]... . Although the principle was known to the Chinese as early as 1000 A.D, it was not until the 13th and 14th centuries in Europe [that/when/than/then] ... it was put to practical use in the form of eyeglasses. In Europe the first microscope was invented by brothers Zacharias and Hans Janssen, two Dutch eyeglass-makers, around 1590. They built a “compound” microscope, so called because of its two lenses. The most significant development and use of the microscope during this period, however, belongs to another Dutch optician, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). Born in Delft, Holland, he became skilled at [grinding/granting/scraping/rubbing] ... very sharp and accurate magnifying lenses. Some of his single-lens microscopes were able to magnify up the three hundred times [actual/present/substantial/current] ... size, and around 1660 he began serious study using these instruments. He was the first to discover bacteria and other microscopic organisms, calling these tiny creatures “animalcules”. [Prior/According/Due/Owing] ... to this discovery, very small creatures such as fleas and maggots were thought to “spontaneously generate” from a single source, such as rotting meat in the case of maggots.
[answer-table]
ANSWERS
BASED UPON
| VERB + PREPOSITION | BASE UPON |
| To use something as the thing from which something else is developed: An opinion should be based upon facts, not guesses. |
REFRACTED
| VERB | REFRACT |
| If glass or water refracts light, the light changes direction when it passes through the glass or water: Light is refracted when passed through a prism. |
IN
| PHRASE | IN SIZE |
| How big or small something is: They didn't have the boots in my size. |
MANNER
| IDIOM | IN A MANNER |
| The way in which something is done or happens: She greeted me in a friendly manner. |
THAT
| IDIOM | IT WAS NOT UNTIL + PAST SIMPLE + THAT |
| Used to emphasize that something does not happen before a certain point in time or before something else has happened: It was not until midnight that I finally decided to go home. |
GRINDING
| VERB | GRIND |
| To make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine: I need a special stone for grinding knives. |
ACTUAL
| ADJECTIVE | ACTUAL |
| Used to emphasize that something is real or exact: The actual cost was higher than we expected. |
PRIOR
| PHRASE | PRIOR TO |
| Before something: All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure. |