CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH / ADVANCED / CAE / USE OF ENGLISH / Key word transformations
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given.
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1. [first=" Maria really should make a decision about where to invest her money." word="MIND" beginning="It's high time Maria " answer="made up her mind#made her mind up" ending=" about where to invest her money."]
2. [first=" I haven't heard from my aunt for years." word="TOUCH" beginning="My aunt " " answer="has not been in touch with#hasn't been in touch with" ending=" me for years."]
3. [first=" Apparently the plane did not sustain any damage." word="HAVE" beginning="The plane " answer="appears not to have sustained#doesn't appear to have sustained#does not appear to have sustained" ending=" any damage."]
4. [first=" You ought to take into account that he is still very young." word="ALLOWANCES" beginning="You ought to " answer="make allowances for" ending=" his young age."]
5. [first=" Things went wrong at once after his resignation." word="HAD" beginning="Hardly " answer="had he resigned when#had he resigned before" ending=" things went wrong."]
6. [first=" We shouldn't exaggerate the importance of finishing on time." word="EMPHASIS" beginning="We shouldn't " answer="put too much emphasis on#place too much emphasis on" ending=" the importance of finishing on time."]
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ANSWER KEYS
| UNREAL PAST + PHRASAL VERB | IT'S HIGH TIME + PAST SIMPLE + PHRASAL VERB |
| To decide what your opinion is about someone or something: Have you made up your mind where to go for your honeymoon? |
| IDIOM | BE IN TOUCH WITH SB |
| To communicate with somebody, especially by writing to them or telephoning them: I'm trying to get in touch with Jane. Do you have her number? |
| PERFECT INFINITIVE | APPEAR TO + HAVE + III FORM |
| The perfect infinitive is used to say 'to have done'. It's formed with the infinitive of have + the past participle: What two smaller nations appear to have been carved out of South Africa? |
| IDIOM | MAKE ALLOWANCE(S) FOR |
| To consider something, for example when you are making a decision or planning something: We try to make allowances for our students' different language backgrounds. |
| INVERSION | HARDLY + PAST PERFECT + WHEN (BEFORE) |
| When telling a story in the past time, if an event quickly followed another, the adverbials are used with partial inversion to refer to the earlier event. In the inverted clause usually past perfect is used: Hardly had we sat down at the table when (before) the phone rang. |
| IDIOM | PUT (PLACE) EMPHASIS ON |
| Place special attention or importance: How does Harper Lee put emphasis on the importance of parental influence in her book To Kill a Mockingbird? |